Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common heart rhythm disorder that affects millions of people. It's characterized by a quivering or irregular heartbeat, which can lead to a range of symptoms and potentially serious complications.
In a normal heart rhythm, the upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles) beat in a coordinated way. In AFib, the electrical signals in the atria become chaotic, causing them to quiver instead of contracting effectively. This disrupts the normal flow of blood through the heart.
Several factors can contribute to the development of AFib, including:
- High blood pressure
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart valve problems
- Overactive thyroid gland
- Sleep apnea
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Aging
AFib can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
- Palpitations: A fluttering or pounding sensation in the chest
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during exertion
- Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest pain or discomfort
However, some people with AFib may experience no noticeable symptoms.AFib can increase the risk of serious complications, most notably stroke. When the heart doesn't beat efficiently, blood can pool in the atria, potentially forming clots. If a clot breaks free, it can travel to the brain and block blood flow, causing a stroke.
The goals of AFib treatment are to:
- Control the heart rate
- Restore normal heart rhythm (if possible)
- Prevent stroke
Treatment options may include:
- Medications: To control heart rate, prevent blood clots, and potentially restore normal rhythm
- Cardioversion: An electrical shock to reset the heart rhythm
- Catheter ablation: A procedure to destroy abnormal electrical pathways in the heart
- Surgical procedures: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct underlying heart problems
While some risk factors for AFib are unavoidable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:
- Maintain a healthy blood pressure
- Manage underlying heart conditions
- Don't smoke
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Get regular exercise
If you experience symptoms of AFib, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve your quality of life.
